Cold Stress & Winter Safety

Cold stress is underestimated because its symptoms develop gradually and can resemble fatigue. A worker experiencing mild hypothermia may feel tired and confused without realizing they are in medical danger. By the time shivering stops, hypothermia has progressed to a dangerous stage. Supervisors and coworkers are often the first line of detection — which means everyone on the crew needs to know the warning signs.

1. Cold stress occurs when the body cannot maintain its core temperature. Wind, wet clothing, and fatigue dramatically accelerate the risk.
2. Early hypothermia signs: shivering, difficulty with fine motor tasks, mild confusion. Advanced signs: shivering stops, slurred speech, loss of coordination — call 911.
3. Frostbite affects extremities first: fingers, toes, ears, and nose. White or grayish-yellow skin that feels hard or waxy requires immediate medical attention.
4. Dress in three layers: moisture-wicking base layer, insulating mid-layer, and a wind- and water-resistant outer shell.
5. Schedule heavy physical work during the warmest part of the day. Bring workers inside to warm up periodically during extreme cold.
6. Buddy system: watch your crew for confusion or slurred speech. A worker with hypothermia may not realize they are impaired.
7. Caffeine and alcohol both accelerate body heat loss. Hot beverages and high-calorie food help maintain core temperature.